Vikings raided and settled in Frankish Gaul in the 9th–10th centuries. Some became the Normans of the duchy of Normandy after 911.
Raids
Ships on the Seine, Loire and Garonne; sieges of Paris; tributes paid by weakened Carolingian kings.
Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911)
Charles the Simple granted land around Rouen to Rollo: birth of Normandy. See The Normans.
1066
William the Conqueror took England, creating a lasting Anglo-French entanglement.